高考英语短文改错题的十大考查类型和分类训练

短文改错是很多同学常常会丢分的题型，其实，纵观历年真题，短文改错题的考点基本上是比较固定且有规律可循的，今天小编精心整理和编写了短文改错的十大常见错误类型和对应的分类训练，抓紧练起来吧!

高中英语短文改错较全攻略来(附专项练习题+答案)

01动词错误

动词在考试中占有很大比重。常见的错误类型有：① 时态错用;② 主谓不一致;③ 句中有多个动词时，缺少非谓语动词;④

缺少谓语动词，尤其是缺少系动词be;⑤ 主动、被动语态错用;⑥ 某些词后要求接动名词或不定式;⑦ 介词后没用动词-ing。

真题示例

1. All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I

had a talent for football. 2019 全国卷 Ⅰ

2. They would say to me that playing card games would help my brain. Still

I unwilling to play the games with them sometimes. 2018 全国卷 Ⅱ

练习

每句中只有一处错误。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

1. She wants you call her back as soon as you are home.2. My parents allow

me to choose between staying at home and take a trip.3. When I was a child, my

family live in Beijing.4. I’m looking forward to visit the art gallery next

week.5. She will tell you her journey when she get a chance to.6. Neither he nor

I is any the wiser as to the real cause of the accident.7. This will be a good

opportunity exchange experience.8. I have a new roommate name Louis.9. What

suprised us most there were the beauty of the scenes.10. The goods she has

bought for herself was mostly from the hotel.11. The English evening has put off

till Saturday.12. There was all sorts of unacceptable behaviour, some of which

were so serious that they could have ended up in court.

真题示例1. say → saying 2. unwilling前加was

练习1. call前加to 2. take → taking 3. live → lived 4. visit → visiting5. get →

gets 6. is → am(就近原则) 7. exchange前加to 8. name → named 9. were → was10. was →

were 11. put前加been 12. was → were

02形容词、副词错误

常见错误类型有：① 形容词和副词的错用;② 比较级，较的错用或修辞语的错用;③ 以-ing和-ed结尾的形容词的错用。

真题示例

1. I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident.

2019 全国卷 Ⅰ

2. First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so coolly. 2019

全国卷 Ⅱ

练习

每句中只有一处错误。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

1. Afraid of difficulties, they prefer to take the easily road.2. He is

much concerned about others than about himself.3. She is the more active member

in our group.4. I’m better at science than my sister, but worst than my

brother.5. It is really amazed that the once-ruined place has now been turned

into a beautiful school.

真题示例1. interesting → interested 2. coolly → cool

练习1. easily → easy(形容词修饰名词;副词修饰动词、形容词)2. much → more或much后加more 3. more →

most4. worst → worse 5. amazed → amazing

03连词错误

常见错误类型有：① 并列连词and / or / but等错用;② 从属连词错用，特别是状语从句中的连词。

真题示例

One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school

playground. 2019 全国卷 Ⅰ

练习

每句中只有一处错误。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

1. Bring these flowers into a warm room or they will open soon.2. My father

is lively and energetic, and he is not very patient.3. We couldn’t send the

children to school so life was very hard in those days.4. I was just reading a

book while she came into my room.5. The robber shouted to stop crying and he

would shoot.6. She was such moved that tears came to her eyes.7. I haven’t

visited my teacher after I graduated.8. I don’t know which he is, but he was

here a minute ago.

真题示例where → when

练习1.or → and 2. 第二个and →but 3. so → as / because 4. while → when5.and →or

6. such →so 7. after →since 8. which →wher

04代词错误

常见错误类型有：①人称代词、物主代词和反身代词与其所指代的人或物不一致;② 定语从句中关系代词的错用;③ 不定代词的错用;④ 多代词或少代词。

真题示例

In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment

that is created for them. 2019 全国卷 III

练习

每句中只有一处错误。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。1. My parents were all very tired, but

neither of them would stop to take a rest.2. The Bai ethnic group has a

population of around two million, 90% of who live in Yunnan.3. Newspapers reach

me on the day after it are published.4. Once you’ve bought a physical book, you

own it: she can lend it to people, donate it, and, well, it’s yours.5. I don't

like this hat. Show me other.6. We can’t decide something now.7. Basing an

important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret sooner or

later.8. That is one of the most interesting books which are sold in the

bookshop.9. The treatment, that is being tried by researchers, has helped a

large number of patients.

真题示例yourselves → themselves

练习1. all → both 2. who → whom 3. it → they 4. she → you5. other → another

6.something → anything 7. regret后加it 8.which → that 9. that → which

05名词错误

常见错误类型有：① 可数名词的单复数错用;② 可数名词与不可数名词错用。

真题示例

1. Since I was a kid, I’ve considered different job I would like to do.

2019 全国卷 Ⅱ2. Last winter when I went here again, they had a big separate house

to raise dozens of chicken. 2018 全国卷 Ⅰ

练习

每句中只有一处错误。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。1. I read an interesting piece of

informations in the newspaper.2. A people without the knowledges of their past

history, origin and culture is like a tree without roots.3. We’re having fried

chickens for dinner.4. In the end, we took many group photoes.5. All our

belonging were put on the backs of elephants, and the heaviest item was a

piano.

真题示例1. job → jobs 2. chicken → chickens

练习1.informations → information 2. knowledges → knowledge 3. chickens →

chicken4.photoes → photos 5. belonging → belongings

06冠词错误

常见错误类型有：

① a、an和the的错用;② 多冠词或少冠词。

真题示例

Each of my cafes will have a different theme and an unique style. 2019 全国卷

Ⅲ

练习

每句中只有一处错误。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。1. It will take about a hour to get there.2.

At end of the 16th century, about five to seven million people spoke English.3.

This is a house where Lu Xun once lived.4. He walked to other side of the

street.5. The Great Wall of China is longest man-made structure ever built.6. I

used to play the basketball in the gym.7. The people of world love peace.8. All

of them wanted to be first to get a close look at the famous painting.

真题示例an → a

练习1. a → an 2. At后加the 3. a → the 4. other前加the5. longest前加the 6. 去掉个the

7. world前加the 8. first前加the

07介词错误

常见错误类型有：① 介词错用;② 多介词或少介词。

真题示例

A few minutes later, the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a

relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on the road. 2017 全国卷

Ⅰ

练习

每句中只有一处错误。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。1. He inspires me to major on English in

college, to be a bridge between China and the world.2. Be careful and look both

sides before you go through the street.3. What other courses do you take beside

English?4. She spends as much as $2,000 clothes every month.5. The Silk Road was

an ancient trade route among East and West, which passed through Dunhuang.6. He

didn’t give an adequate answer of the question.

真题示例on → of

练习1. on → in 2. through → across 3. beside → besides4.clothes前加on 5. among

→ between 6. of → to08固定结构错误

真题示例

From now on, I started to play football with classmates after school. I am

a good player now. 2019 全国卷 Ⅰ

练习

每句中只有一处错误。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

1. Turn on the lights when we are leaving the room.2. To be honestly, I

don’t think I was helping very much.3. Her life was so full to find time for

hobbies.4. Ten years ago the population of our village was twice as larger as

that of theirs.5. She picked out Japanese when she was in Japan. Now she can

speak it freely.

真题示例now → then

练习1.on → off 2. honestly → honest 3. so → too4. larger → large 5. out →

u

09数词错误

常见错误类型是：基数词和序数词的错用。

真题示例

Then, when I was in the five grade, I wanted to be a teacher. 2019 全国卷

Ⅱ练习

每句中只有一处错误。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

1. The city has a population of four millions.2. We will attend a meeting

to celebrate the sixty birthday of the P.R. China.3. Thousand and hundreds of

people come to visit the city every day.4. This region was settled by the Dutch

in the nineteen century.

真题示例five → fifth

练习1.millions → million 2. sixty → sixtieth 3. Thousand →

Thousands4.nineteen → nineteenth10词性变换

词性变换考查比较少。常见错误类型有：① 以-ce结尾的名词，变成以-t结尾的形容词，比如：different → difference;②

单词后+y，发生词性变换，比如：taste→tasty, honest→ honesty。

真题示例

I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music,

and collecting the latest music albums. 2017 全国卷 Ⅲ

练习

每句中只有一处错误。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

1. Honest is a vital element of her success.2. Before birth, babies can

tell the different between loud sounds and voices.真题示例difference → different

练习1. Honest → Honesty 2. different → difference