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PTE语法中的常见错误
1.主语部分常见错误
1.1动词不能充当句子主语
例子:
Take maternity leave is good for women’s health.
翻译:休产假对女性的健康有好处。
解析:语中句子的主语通常由名词或者具备名词性质的短语,词语或者从句充当。这个句子中take是一个动词,不能充当句子的主语。
修改:Taking maternity leave is good for women’s health.
1.2句子不能充当主语
例子:
Environmental pollution becomes increasingly serious is an undeniable fact.
解析:environmental pollution becomes increasingly serious是一个句子,而且这里没有任何引导词,比如that这种,不能充当整个句子的主语成分修改:
a.It is an undeniable fact that environmental pollution becomes increasingly serious.(语法现象:It做形式主语,结构:It is+名词+that)b.That environmental pollution becomes increasingly serious is an undeniable fact.(语法现象:that引导主语从句)翻译:环境污染变得越来越严重是一个不可否认的事实。
2.谓语常见的语法错误
2.1主谓一致问题
例句:To be an irreplaceable employee require people to upgrade skills constantly.
解析:不定式做主语,谓语动词要用单数形式。
修改:To be an irreplaceable employee requires people to upgrade skills constantly.
翻译:要成为一个不可替代的员工需要不断地更新技能。
2.2 There be句型
例句:There are many people suffer from poverty in the world.
解析:这里出现了两个谓语,一个是there be句型中be是谓语动词,一个是suffer,因为一个句子在没有连词的情况下是不能有两个动词的,suffer只能以非谓语的形式出现。
修改:There are many people suffering from poverty in the world.
翻译:世界上有很多人遭受贫困。
2.3主句缺谓语动词
例句:A current report about a 14-year-old boy who was forced to clean streets because of destroying his school seriously which irritates an argument.
解析:这个句子读起来真的好吃力,还有种头重脚轻的感觉,因为的主句里面包含了一个who引导定语从句(a 14-year-old boy who was forced to clean streets because of destroying his school seriously),was是定语从句里的谓语动词。整个句子的主干即主句应该是A current report irritates an argument.其中irritates应该是主句的谓语动词,因此去掉原句中的which.
还有解决头重脚轻的问题,因此修改为:
修改:A current report is about a 14-year-old boy who was forced to clean streets because of destroying his school seriously,which irritates an argument.
翻译:较近一个关于14岁男孩因为严重毁坏学校而被强迫清扫街道的报告引起了争议。
3.连词引导状语从句,化复杂为简单例句:Shopping centers are increasingly enjoying less popularity.Because people are now used to shopping on line which is considered to be more convenient.
解析:because,while,although,when,if引导状语从句时,必须连接两个独立的句子,从句需依附于主句存在,因此将because前面的句号改成逗号。
修改:Shopping centers are increasingly enjoying less popularity,because people are now used to shopping on line which is considered to be more convenient.
翻译:购物中心越来越不受青睐,因为人们习惯了更加方便的网购。
4.固定搭配4.1不定式符号to与介词to的辨别问题例句:When it comes to boost economy,many developed countries reach goals at the expense of environment.
解析:when it comes to中to是介词,而非不定式符号,因此后面需改成ing分词形式。类似的固定搭配有:adjust to适应,attend to处理;照料,belong to属于,refer to参考;指的是…;涉及,contribute to有助于,促成,stick to坚持,继续,等等,考生平时需多积累这类固定搭配并熟记。
修改:When it comes to boosting economy,many developed countries reach goals at the expense of environment.
翻译:当谈论到推动经济发展,许多发达以牺牲环境为代价来实现目标。