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This would be reasonable if it were not for the fact that scientists can easily arrange to cite themselves in their future publications,or get associates to do so for them in return for similar favours.(2019英语一翻译T49)

主干：This would be reasonable

条件状语从句：if it were not for the fact that scientists…in return for similar favours

同位语从句：that scientists…in return for similar favours解释fact

翻译：如果不是因为这个事实：科学家们可以轻易地在他们将来的出版物中引用他们自己(的文章)或者让他们的同事为了相似的回报为了他们这么做。

Attempts have been made to curb this tendency,for example,by trying to incorporate some measure of quality as well as quantity into the assessment of an applicant’s papers.(2019英语一翻译T48)

主干：Attempts have been made to curb this tendency

同位语：for example,by trying to…applicant’s papers

of quality as well as quantity后置定语修饰measure

of an applicant’s papers后置定语修饰assessment

翻译：(人们)已经尝试去遏制这种趋势，比如通过尝试将质量和数量的测量方式加入到对于一个申请者论文的评估中。