昆山美联英语口语培训学校实力，美联国际教育集团，前身为美联英语，创立于2006年，2016年品牌全新升级，成为跨境教育品牌，分别于深圳、北京、洛杉矶设立总部，线上线下双平台，旗下子品牌包括：美联英语、美联出国考试、美联留学、美联国际高中、立刻说（线上平台，涵盖成人英语、青少英语、出国考试及行业英语四大产品）。

经典英语语法

经典英语语法："一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新"。"一随主"是指在直接引语变间接引语时，从句中的主语是人称或被人称所修饰。

一、如何变人称

下面有一句顺口熘"一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新"。"一随主"是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是人称或被人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：

She said. "My brother wants to go with me. "→She said her brother wanted to go with her.

"二随宾"是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用人称，如：

He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?"→He asked Kate how her sister was then。

"第三人称不更新"是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：

Mr Smith said。 "Jack is a good worker。"→Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。

二、如何变时态

直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。

现在时它需改为过去时态;过去时态改为完成时;过去完成时则保留原来的时态。如：

1)She said. "I have lost a pen."→She said she had lost a pen

2)She said. "We hope so."→She said they hoped so.

3) She said. "He will go to see his friend。"→She said he would go to see his friend。

但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。

①直接引语是客观真理。

"The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me. → The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。

②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：

Jack said. "John, where were you going when I met you in the street?"→Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。

③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：

Xiao Wang said. "I was born on April 2l, 1980。" →Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980。

④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：

He said, "I get up at six every morning。" →He said he gets up at six every morning。

⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式(例：ought to， had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，(例：could,

should, would, might)不再变。如：

Peter said. "You had better come have today。" →Peter said I had better go there that day。

三、如何变状语

直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规津，时间状语由"现在"改为"原来"(例：now变为then, yesterday。变为 the day before)地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代词修饰的状语，由"此"改为"彼"(例：this 改为that),如：

He said, "These books are mine." →He said those books were his.

四、如何变句型

①直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如：She said, "Our bus will arrive in five

minutes."→She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.

②直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.如：He said, "Can you swim,

John?" →He asked John if he could swim.

"You have finished the homework, haven't you?" my mother asked. →My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.

"Do you go to school by bus or by bike?" →He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.

③直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句(宾语从句必须用陈述句语序)。

She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?"→ She asked me when they had their dinner.

④直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为"tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth."句型。如：

"Don't make any noise," she said to the children. →She told (ordered) the

children not to make any noise. "Bring me a cup of tea, please," said she.→She

asked him to bring her a cup of tea.

⑤直接引语如果是以"Let's"开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用"suggest +动句词(或从句)。"如：

He said, "Let's go to the film." →He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film.

引述别人的话有两种方式：一是使用引号引出人家的原话，这叫做直接引语;一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来，这叫做间接引语。例如：

John said, "I'm going to London with my father."

约翰说："我要和父亲到伦敦去。"(引号内是直接引语)

John said that he was going to London with his father.

约翰说，他要和他父亲去伦敦。(宾语从句是间接引语)

由直接引语变为间接引语，分以下情况：

1. 直接引语是陈述句时

间接引语为that引导的宾语从句(口语中that可以省略)，主句的引述动词主要有say ,tell, repeat, explain,

think等。

He said , "You are younger than I."-'He said (that ) I was younger than

him.

2.直接引语是疑问句时

间接引语为陈述语序：主句的谓语动词say 改为ask,或改为wonder, do not know, want to know, be not sure,

be puzzled等。

(1) 一般疑问句或反意疑问句变为if (whether)引导的宾语从句。

She said, "Do you often come here to read newspapers?"

→She asked me if (或whether)I often went there to read newspapers.

She asked me , "You have seen the film, haven't you?"

→She asked me whether(或if )I had seen the film.

(2) 选择疑问句变为whether....or 宾语从句。

I asked him, "Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight?"

→I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night.

(3)特殊疑问句变为由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句。

He asked , "Where do you live?"

→He asked me where I lived.

3.直接引语是祈使句时

间接引语为不定式，作ask , tell, beg, order, warn, advise等动词的宾语补足语(don't 变为not ).

The teacher said to the boy, "Open the window."→The teacher told the boy to

open the window.

His father said to him , "Don't leave the door open."→His father told him not

to leave the door open.[注意](1) 有些表示建议、提议、劝告或要求的祈使句，可以用suggest ,insist等动词

加以转述。例如：

He said, "Let's go to the theatre."

→He suggested (our )going to the theatre.或He suggested that we(should) go to

the theatre.

(2) "Would you mind opening the window?" he asked.

→He asked me to open the window.

"Why don't you take a walk after supper?" he asked .

→he advised me to take a walk after supper.

"Shall we listen to the music?" he asked.

→He suggested listening to the music.

4.直接引语是感叹句时

间接引语为what 或how 引导，也可以用that 引导。

She said, "What a lovely day it is !"

→She said what a lovely day it was .或She said that it was a lovely day.