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　　2021考研：关于如何“猜词”你必须知道的事

　　部分 考查本质

　　词义句意题的提问方式为“***”means _____，很多人理解为考查考生掌握的词汇量，而根据考纲要求，该题的考查能力要求为根据上下文进行猜词。其实不难理解为何考查这一能力，研究生阶段需要阅读大量的外文文献，依托于词汇量是远远不够的，这时需要的是学生运用逻辑能力根据文章的线索进行“猜词”。因此在研究生入门考试，命题人也将这一重要能力纳入考纲进行考查。所以该题考查本质即为上下文的语义关系。

　　第二部分 解题技巧

　　一、利用题干信息定位到原文

　　题干中往往直接标出需要猜测的词或句子，将该词或句子定位到原文中去，在文中大多数情况直接下划线标出。

　　二、利用定位部分的上下文之间的语义关系进行解题

　　(一)语义一致

　　1.并列：

　　(1)并列词以及标点符号：and,or,too，similarly，分号，冒号，单破折号

　　(2)表示并列的短语：as well as，in parallel with, both ... and ..., either ... or ..., neither ... nor ...

　　(3)表示并列的结构：A，not B;相似结构

　　2.总分

　　3.论点与论据

　　试题示例1

　　Knowing the results of Epley’s study, it makes sense that why people hate photographs of themselves so viscerally – on one level, they don’t even recognize the person in the picture as themselves. Facebook therefore, is a self-enhancer’s paradise, where people can share only the most flattering photos, the cream of their wit, style, beauty, intellect and lifestyles. “It’s not that people’s profiles are dishonest”, says Catalina Toma of Wisconsin-Madison university, "but they portray an idealized version of themselves.”

　　29.The word “viscerally”(Para.5) is closest in meaning to _____.

　　A. instinctively

　　B. occasionally

　　C. particularly

　　D. aggressively

　　(二)语义相反

　　1.转折：but, however, unfortunately, in fact, nevertheless

　　2.让步：although/though, even though/if, in spite of/despite, while

　　3.对比：while, whereas, on the contrary, on the other hand

　　试题示例2

　　In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari automobile from a company seeking access to government.

　　26.The underlined sentence(Para.1) most probably shows that the court ______.

　　A. avoided defining the extent of McDonnell’s duties

　　B. made no compromise in convicting McDonnell

　　C. was contemptuous of McDonnell’s conduct

　　D. refused to comment on McDonnell’s ethics

　　(三)其他语义关系

　　1.因果关系：because, so

　　2.指代：it, he, she, they, this, that

　　试题示例3

　　A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic included settlers and sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and who would make some money and then go home. Between 1908 and 1915, about 7 million people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for example, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickname, “uccelli di passaggio,” birds of passage.

　　26.“Birds of passage”refers to those who ______.

　　A. stay in a foreign country temporarily

　　B. leave their home countries for good

　　C. immigrate across the Atlantic

　　D. find permanent jobs overseas

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