雅思考试中写作常见障碍

　　在雅思文章中，句式的多变和其本身的语言魅力是至关重要的。当然，更重要的是我们不断强调的雅思考试无处不在的“同义转换”。不管是阅读还是听 力，同义转换现象更是无处不在，大家在熟悉了雅思的同义转换现象后，在阅读理解中能够很快定位(locate)到答案所在原文的近似位置，从而很快地找到 并填对答案。在任何一篇英文文章中，也都能够体会到精彩的“同义转换考试技巧”的巧妙。

　　那么现在，让我们回到雅思写作中来。实际上，我们稍微想一想就可以明白写作和阅读理解是一回事。有写出来的文章，才谈得上之后读者或者是考生的阅读，也 就才涉及到阅读理解的能力等等的说法。雅思A类写作即学术类(Academic)写作，要求写出来的文章是比较正式的文体。为了深刻体会写作中的同义转换 的重要性和必要性，我们来看下面这篇议论文片段，体会一下无处不在的同义转换。

　　The purpose of our study is to consider several methodological issues relevant for study of the monetary transmission process. These issues involve relative emphasis on monetary shocks as opposed to systematic policy adjustments; vector autoregression vs. Structural modelling research strategies...

　　这里as opposed to等同于vs.(versus的缩写形式)，为了避免重复，作者用了同义表达的技巧。

　　大家再看一个典型的雅思作文的片段：

　　The appearance of cars has caused many social problems. What is your opinion?

　　...I believe cars have indeed caused many problems in society and we need to reduce the use of cars.

　　First of all, we must consider the severe traffic caused by cars...

　　Another consideration is that cars generate serious pollution...

　　Admittedly, cars facilitate our travel and make people’s daily commute much easier than before. However, the adverse effects of cars significantly outweigh the benefits they bring.

　　这里表现的实际是一种非常常见的同义转换现象，就是不同词性的转换使用来表达相同的意思。动词consider与another consideration的交换使用显得作者写作技巧成熟，也使得文章不单调重复，也只有这样的文章才能符合考官的口味，才能赢得!

　　在学术类写作中，朗阁海外考试研究中心的们认为同义词转换表达之常见从以下几段小文章可见一斑。以下都是经典的雅思作文范文的节选，请仔细体会模仿。

　　【范文1】

　　Any government, whether rich or poor, cannot put every penny into education, even though it may be trying to improve overall conditions for education and to create much needed rewards for teachers. Private schools, on the other hand, help to narrowgovernment spending on education by charging wealthy students expensive tuition fees in return for superior learning facilities and highly sought after staff. That is why governments throughout the world, whether developed or developing, encourage individuals and enterprises to establish private schools. The Chinese government has even put forward an incentive to support any interested parties, both in China and from overseas, to help promote and expand existing private education across the country.

　　【解析】

　　rich和wealthy近义

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