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　　下面英思力老师给大家分享：在PET阅读中，同义替换有四种典型的方式：

　　1.同义词之间的替换

　　题目：Feeding increasing populations is possible due primarily to improved irrigation systems.

　　原文：Food production has kept face with soaring population mainly because of the expansion of artificial irrigation system that make possible the growth of 40% of the world’s food.

　　分析：此题出现的同义词替换包括：

　　feeding → food production

　　due primarily to→mainly because of

　　improved irrigation systems→the expansion of artificial irrigation system.

　　典型的同义词替换：

　　change →shift / revision

　　metropolitan →city

　　overstate →exaggerate

　　expert →scientist / specialists

　　target →goal

　　decrease→crash / halve

　　comments →feedback

　　hard to find →elusive

　　like → resemble

　　2.同根词词性的替换

　　题目：They use their own natural secret antibiotics as weed-killers and also use unwanted materials as fertilizers.

　　原文：Farmer ants secrete antibiotics to control other fungi that might act as ’weeds’, and spread waste to fertilize the crop.

　　分析：此题中出现的同根词词性替换包括：

　　secrete antibiotics → secretion

　　fertilizer →fertilize.

　　3.否定加反义词之间的替换

　　题目：In principle, it is possible for a biological system to become older without ageing.

　　原文：Thus ageing and death should not be seen as inevitable, particularly as the organism possesses many mechanism for repair.

　　分析：题干中possible是原文not inevitable的否定加反义替换。

　　典型的否定加反义词替换：

　　downward →not rising

　　not traditional →radical new approaches

　　with no rain at all →droughts

　　4.上下义词的替换

　　所谓上下义，是指替换的词语之间通常有一种从属关系。题目中给的是一个具有属性或者是表示概念的词语，而在原文中出现的替换词却是一个具体或者是细节的信息，此类替换考察的是考生对这两者之间从属关系的配对。

　　题目：Studies show drugs available today can delay the process of growing old.

　　原文：As researchers on aging noted recently, no treatment on the market today has been proved to slow human aging—the build-up of molecular and cellular damage that increases vulnerability to infirmity as we get older.

　　分 析：原文中treatment即为题干中drugs的上义词。

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